Folic acid-modified ginger-derived extracellular vesicles for targeted treatment of rheumatoid arthritis by remodeling immune microenvironment via the PI3K-AKT pathway.
We explored the use of ginger-derived extracellular vesicles modified with folic acid to treat rheumatoid arthritis, a painful autoimmune condition. By enhancing these vesicles to target the inflammatory cells in affected joints, we found that they help shift the immune response towards healing. Our in vitro and in vivo studies showed promising results: these folic acid-infused vesicles not only concentrated in the inflamed areas but also significantly reduced RA symptoms. This suggests that folic acid-modified vesicles could be a safe and effective alternative treatment option for RA.
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8
Methotrexate withdrawal and folic acid
Risk Factors Associated with Adverse Events Leading to Methotrexate Withdrawal in Elderly Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study.
We examined a long-term study focusing on elderly patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) using methotrexate (MTX).
While higher MTX doses increased the risk of needing to stop treatment due to adverse effects, adding folic acid seemed to lower that risk significantly.
In fact, around 51.7% of patients had to discontinue MTX within 15 years, but those on folic acid had a much better outcome.
This suggests that doctors should consider lower MTX doses combined with folic acid for better results in elderly RA management.
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7
PANS/PANDAS and folate treatment
Folate Receptor Alpha Autoantibodies in the Pediatric Acute-Onset Neuropsychiatric Syndrome (PANS) and Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorders Associated with Streptococcal Infections (PANDAS) Population.
We aimed to understand how folate receptor alpha autoantibodies (FRAAs) relate to symptoms in children diagnosed with Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorders Associated with Streptococcal Infections (PANDAS) and Pediatric Acute-Onset Neuropsychiatric Syndrome (PANS). We analyzed serum samples from 47 children, aged 6 to 18, who carried these diagnoses.
Our results showed that a significant number of these children—about 63.8%—had binding or blocking FRAAs. Additionally, certain symptoms, like severe tics, linked with higher FRAA binding titers. Notably, we observed that kids with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) had lower binding titers of FRAAs.
A remarkable case highlighted how treatment with leucovorin, a form of folate, resulted in symptom improvements in a child with PANS/PANDAS who tested positive for FRAAs. These findings suggest that abnormalities in folate metabolism could play a role in the symptomatology of PANS/PANDAS, presenting the potential for folate-based therapies to be a viable treatment option.
Overall, this study sheds light on the connection between folate-related factors and pediatric neuropsychiatric disorders, calling for further research into leucovorin as a targeted treatment.
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Most Useful Reviews
2
Mixed effects noted
85 people found this helpful
I had issues with sleep disturbances and seizures related to my autoimmune disorder. After taking folic acid for a month, I noticed a reduction in hair loss, normalised sleep, and improved mood. However, after 2.5 months, I experienced side effects, including increased estrogen levels which worsened my condition. I recommend consulting a doctor before using this supplement, particularly for older individuals.
Read More
6
Essential for health
As a professional in the field, I believe folic acid is crucial for anyone at least once in their life. It plays a significant role in brain health and can combat an autoimmune disorder by protecting cells and aiding red blood cell production. It helps reduce anxiety and stress, and is particularly important before pregnancy. Consult a doctor for personalised advice.
Folic acid-modified ginger-derived extracellular vesicles for targeted treatment of rheumatoid arthritis by remodeling immune microenvironment via the PI3K-AKT pathway.
We explored the use of ginger-derived extracellular vesicles modified with folic acid to treat rheumatoid arthritis, a painful autoimmune condition. By enhancing these vesicles to target the inflammatory cells in affected joints, we found that they help shift the immune response towards healing. Our in vitro and in vivo studies showed promising results: these folic acid-infused vesicles not only concentrated in the inflamed areas but also significantly reduced RA symptoms. This suggests that folic acid-modified vesicles could be a safe and effective alternative treatment option for RA.
Read More
8
Prodrug shows promise for arthritis
Prodrug Nanomedicine for Synovium Targeted Therapy of Inflammatory Arthritis: Insights from Animal Model and Human Synovial Joint Fluid.
We explored a promising new approach to treating inflammatory arthritis, focusing on a modified form of methotrexate (MTX) that uses folic acid to target inflamed joints. The study found that this prodrug could release the medication in a controlled way while reducing side effects common with traditional treatments.
In tests involving mouse models and human joint fluid samples, we observed that the prodrug not only accumulated in areas of inflammation but also matched the effectiveness of standard weekly MTX with much less dosage. While this treatment is still in the early stages, it shows exciting potential for improving care in those suffering from arthritis.
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8
Methotrexate withdrawal and folic acid
Risk Factors Associated with Adverse Events Leading to Methotrexate Withdrawal in Elderly Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study.
We examined a long-term study focusing on elderly patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) using methotrexate (MTX).
While higher MTX doses increased the risk of needing to stop treatment due to adverse effects, adding folic acid seemed to lower that risk significantly.
In fact, around 51.7% of patients had to discontinue MTX within 15 years, but those on folic acid had a much better outcome.
This suggests that doctors should consider lower MTX doses combined with folic acid for better results in elderly RA management.
Read More
8
Ginsenoside delivery method effective
Oral liposomes encapsulating ginsenoside compound K for rheumatoid arthritis therapy.
We explored the effectiveness of a folic acid-targeted liposomal drug delivery system, known as FA-LP-GCK, for treating rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Ginsenoside compound K, while promising due to its immune-boosting and anti-inflammatory properties, faces challenges like poor solubility and absorption.
Our study found that FA-LP-GCK showed significant improvements, such as reduced joint swelling and lower levels of inflammatory markers in rat models of RA. This suggests FA-LP-GCK could be a promising new treatment option for patients struggling with this debilitating condition.
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8
Innovative RA treatment method explored
Targeted Macrophage Re-Programming: Synergistic Therapy With Methotrexate and RELA siRNA Folate-Liposome in RAW264.7 Cells and Arthritic Rats.
We investigated the effects of a new treatment approach for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) that combines Methotrexate (MTX) with folate-liposomal delivery of RELA siRNA. This innovative method aims to target macrophages in the body, which play a critical role in inflammation, especially in autoimmune disorders.
In our study, we observed that using folate-liposomes to deliver both MTX and RELA siRNA leads to a notable reduction in synovial inflammation and improved mobility in a rat model of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). This dual approach not only helps lower inflammatory markers in the body, like cytokines and C-reactive protein, but also appears to shift the behavior of macrophages from a pro-inflammatory state towards a more healing one.
Additionally, extensive tests showed that this therapy is stable and compatible with biological systems. It highlights the potential of using folate as a targeting agent in the treatment of RA, albeit we did not focus solely on folate’s effect on autoimmune disorders in isolation.
Overall, this research suggests a promising pathway for more effective RA treatments by tackling the root causes of inflammation and preventing further joint damage.
I had issues with sleep disturbances and seizures related to my autoimmune disorder. After taking folic acid for a month, I noticed a reduction in hair loss, normalised sleep, and improved mood. However, after 2.5 months, I experienced side effects, including increased estrogen levels which worsened my condition. I recommend consulting a doctor before using this supplement, particularly for older individuals.
Read More
6
Essential for health
As a professional in the field, I believe folic acid is crucial for anyone at least once in their life. It plays a significant role in brain health and can combat an autoimmune disorder by protecting cells and aiding red blood cell production. It helps reduce anxiety and stress, and is particularly important before pregnancy. Consult a doctor for personalised advice.
Read More
Frequently Asked Questions
No FAQs are available for this product and symptom.
References
Han R, Zhou D, Ji N, Yin Z, Wang J, et al. Folic acid-modified ginger-derived extracellular vesicles for targeted treatment of rheumatoid arthritis by remodeling immune microenvironment via the PI3K-AKT pathway. J Nanobiotechnology. 2025;23:41. 10.1186/s12951-025-03096-5
Nosrati Z, Chen YA, Bergamo M, Rodríguez-Rodríguez C, Chan J, et al. Prodrug Nanomedicine for Synovium Targeted Therapy of Inflammatory Arthritis: Insights from Animal Model and Human Synovial Joint Fluid. Adv Healthc Mater. 2024;13:e2401936. 10.1002/adhm.202401936
Avalos-Salgado FA, Gonzalez-Lopez L, Gonzalez-Vazquez S, Ponce-Guarneros JM, Santiago-Garcia AP, et al. Risk Factors Associated with Adverse Events Leading to Methotrexate Withdrawal in Elderly Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study. J Clin Med. 2024;13. 10.3390/jcm13071863
Liu K, Li X, Li D. Connective tissue disease as a challenge in heart failure: Three case reports. Medicine (Baltimore). 2024;103:e36885. 10.1097/MD.0000000000036885
Li Z, Han S, Cui G, Xue B, Li J, et al. Oral liposomes encapsulating ginsenoside compound K for rheumatoid arthritis therapy. Int J Pharm. 2023;643:123247. 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123247
Nasra S, Bhatia D, Kumar A. Targeted Macrophage Re-Programming: Synergistic Therapy With Methotrexate and RELA siRNA Folate-Liposome in RAW264.7 Cells and Arthritic Rats. Adv Healthc Mater. 2024;13:e2400679. 10.1002/adhm.202400679
Pesqueda-Cendejas K, Parra-Rojas I, Campos-López B, Mora-García PE, Ruiz-Ballesteros AI, et al. Association of c.+677 C>T (rs1801133) and c.+1298 A>C (rs1801131) genetic variants with cardiometabolic and disease risk in systemic lupus erythematosus patients: A cross-sectional study. Lupus. 2024;33:918. 10.1177/09612033241257158
Patel AV, Morgan SL, Green R, Danila MI, Merriman TR, et al. Vitamin B12 status and hyperhomocysteinemia in patients with Rheumatoid arthritis treated with methotrexate and folic acid. Am J Med Sci. 2024;368:33. 10.1016/j.amjms.2024.03.020
Wells L, O'Hara N, Frye RE, Hullavard N, Smith E. Folate Receptor Alpha Autoantibodies in the Pediatric Acute-Onset Neuropsychiatric Syndrome (PANS) and Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorders Associated with Streptococcal Infections (PANDAS) Population. J Pers Med. 2024;14. 10.3390/jpm14020166